Suchergebnisse

'Wachsende Belegungen der deutschen Gefängnisse stellen den Justizvollzug in den letzten Jahren vor große Probleme. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich einem Teil der möglichen Ursachen des Phänomens. In Betracht gezogen werden die Kriminalitätsentwicklung, aber auch Veränderungen in der staatsanwaltschaftlichen und gerichtlichen Entscheidungspraxis. Auch die Rolle und Genese der Strafeinstellungen der Bevölkerung und das Wechselspiel mit diesbezüglichen Vorstellungen der Politik und der Justiz werden thematisiert. Der Beitrag schließt mit Desiderata für zukünftige Forschung auf diesem Gebiet.' (Autorenreferat)

While the rate of imprisonment in the United States has been increasing sharply for more than a quarter of a century, the seven years after 1993 present a special set of conditions because crime rates were decreasing while imprisonment rates continued to soar. The increase in imprisonment rate after 1991 is equal to the total imprisonment rate in the United States in 1981. This article links the recent increase in rate to a new politics of penal severity that assumes any increase in pain for criminal offenders produces a corresponding benefit to crime victims. Much of the mandatory punishment legislation of the period is a product of distrust of government that increases the level of government intervention. This new political landscape will be a very important restraint on the capacity to lower rates of incarceration in the foreseeable American future.

Statistical data from the US Dept of Justice & from the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reports are used to examine variations in rates of imprisonment among blacks & whites for 39 states. After controlling for differential arrest rates, substantial differences remain across states in the comparative rates of black & white incarceration. The power-threat hypothesis (eg, see Hubert M. Blalock's Toward a Theory of Minority Group Relations, [see SA 16:1/68C8904]) & other explanations are offered to explain these regional patterns. 4 Tables, 32 References. Modified AA

Examines state arrest and imprisonment data in an effort to explain varying levels of Black-white imprisonment. The analytic model for the study is fashioned after the work of Blumstein (1982), whose investigation is described. Includes discussion of legally relevant considerations and methodology. (PAS)

Analyzes 1980 arrest and imprisonment data for each of the 39 states in the continental US with a one percent or greater Black population.

Combating to crime is a challenge for modern-day Georgia since the "Rose Revolution". Over the past 8 years the crimerate has decreased on average three times and also significantly reduced the level of population victimization. At thesame time, the number of people serving sentences in prison dramatically increased.According to statistical data in Georgia the number of prisoners per capita is one of the highest in the world which can beconsidered as a very negative factor for political image of country and requires serious reform of criminal legislation in orderto decriminalize the criminal violations that are not grave. The author of the article examines some of the offenses for whichlegislator should mitigate the sanctions excepting the deprivation of liberty.

This research examines the association between economic insecurity and imprisonment rates in the United States. Building on Garland's thesis about punishment and late modernity, it is hypothesized that rising economic insecurity in a population is associated with an increase in the imprisonment rate. This hypothesis is tested with state-level data for the years 1986–2013. Results indicate a robust association between changes in economic insecurity, measured as the percentage of households in a state losing a quarter or more of their income in a single year, and changes in imprisonment rates. This finding suggests that economic insecurity is not only relevant for explaining large-scale shifts in penal philosophy and practice, as prior sociological theory has argued. It also explains some of the year-to-year variation in imprisonment rates and points to another way in which inequality is associated with punishment.

Sociologists have shown the presence of statistically significant associations between changing economic conditions and rates of imprisonment in a number of countries characterized by common law systems. Furthermore, these associations do not seem to be mediated by changing rates of criminal behavior. This article considers the possibility that the same relationships exist in a civil law society, Italy, for the period 1896–1965. It then goes on to highlight an hypothesis and possible test to explain the nature of these associations, based on the intervening role of public opinion.

The research presented in this article attempts to contribute to the ongoing study of the determinants of state imprisonment rates. Crime rates and unemployment rates have been studied extensively as they relate to imprisonment rates, and a number of demographic and social/structural factors have been analyzed as potential predictors of rates of imprisonment rates. In this study, the analysis of imprisonment rates was expanded through the consideration of other social stress variables and ameliorative factors that have been theorized to be associated with crime rates and imprisonment rates. The most interesting finding was that the variable prison costs, defined as the average cost per inmate per year, was found to have a significant effect on imprisonment rates. Percentage of Black population in the state and percentage of the population without health insurance were also found to have significant relationships with imprisonment rates, providing initial support for social stress theory of imprisonment.

This book examines justice reinvestment from its origins, its potential as a mechanism for winding back imprisonment rates, and its portability to Australia, the United Kingdom and beyond. It argues for a community-driven approach, originating in vulnerable Indigenous communities with high imprisonment rates.

This book examines justice reinvestment from its origins, its potential as a mechanism for winding back imprisonment rates, and its portability to Australia, the United Kingdom and beyond. It argues for a community-driven approach, originating in vulnerable Indigenous communities with high imprisonment rates